Turbine



July 1o, 192s. 6 1,676,606

' W. D. SMALLEY 'TURBINE F1166 June 1, 1925 5 sheets-sheet 1 ZZ Z v,

Ju1y,1o, 192s. 1,616,806

W. D. SMALLEY TURBINE: v

Filed June 1, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 5y @j/MM Juy 1o, 1928. 4 1,676,806

l W. D. SMALLEY TURBINE Filed June 1, 1925 f 5 sheets-sheet 5 55 I EXH. 64 32 Patented July ie, 192e.

riestrici* WILLIAM D. SMALLEY, OF MINNElIE'OLS,v MINNESTA. I

. TURBINE.

. i* Application filed vJune w1,

. tures thereof underv conditions oi?v pressure.

More particularly it relates to a turbine coniprising a stator and arotor, having; a plugl ality of buckets orvports arranged at an obliqueang'le vto the periphery ot the rotor and adapted to receive, and discharge the motive fluid and passing,` it consecutively back and forth betweenthe stator androtor', resulting in( alternating' impact and reaction impulses exerted against the rotor, with con'- sequent expansion and decreaseof pressure of the motive fluid yuntil all energy of the fluid is absorbed. l y

My invention has for its main objects the reduction of the high peripheral rotor speed necessary in the present commercial turbines', thereby reducing` the shaft speed to approximately that of reciprocating engines and at the same time increasing the efliciency and economical operation of the turbines, whereV` by special speed reducing, gearing or elecrical power transmission units may be eliminated and asubstantial saving in power cost and space effected. Y. A further objectis to provide a turbine having a high and positive starting torque, and whichmay bc started slowly and progressively and run at varying speed and load under efficient control of the operator. A*

Another object is to provide a turbine of the direct impact and reaction type, inA

which both the direct impact and reaction impulses will be of substantiallyequal etliciency and in which for every impulsen comparatively large arca of the rotor will be subjected with increased efficiency to the turning action ofthe motive fluid, resulting in increased velocity, a rapid'eXpansion of and economical in upkeep.

the motive fluid. andV therefore increased elliciency of the turbine. i i v A further object is to provide a turbineof an intermittent impulse type that will have a uniform and universally balancedtorque whereby vibration under all conditions and loads will be negligible. Y v .y

Further lobjects are to provide a turbine in which there will be practically no chance for breakage or displacements ofl parts and which will be inexpensive of manufacture rlhe invention consists essentially' in an improved novel construction of the stator.

vand rotola More particularly, Vit consists 1325. Serial .N0. 342095.

relates in a cylindrical stator and arotor moilnted i concentrically within .the finishedA boreof the stator, means being provided in saidstator and rotor for controlling the flow of thev motive fluid whereby distinctand limitedvolumes of the fluid at` initial pressure are cut off and separately confined, which volumes are thereafter;v repeatedly released into limited or bounded compartments or chainbers of increasing' cubical. contents,'eachl release eXpandina` the volumes and lowering the pressure ofthe motive fluid as it passes .through the turbine. d

Suitablemeans are provided in the struc*- tures of the stator and rotor or cooperating therewith to prevent leakage and make .efdf fective the` control and confinement ofthe motnve lluid, as' the rotor revolves. Such means consists 1n .general of 1 accurately grinding and finishingthe respectiveinternal andexternal cylindrical surfaces of thus permitting the rotor to be operatedwithin the stator without the use of an ordinary rthe stator and rotor,so that a minimum of vclearance sol provided betweenthe surfaces' lubricant, themotive fluid being the only intermediary or lubricant between said surfaces. Further, lsaid means consists-of port areasand intervening spaces inthe stator and rotor,and in the provisionio suitable stationary packing rings7 interposed between y the stator and rotor, and separating the AZones ot different fluid.pressures.. The compart-" ments or chambers in eitlierthe. stator or rotor may be provided With only av single port, whichfwill thenact as bothadmission and exit ports,v or two portsmay be pro vided for both the statorand rotor ,chambers, one port then functioningxas. an admission port and tlieotlier asian exit or Both structures are illus- :5

release port.

trated `inthe drawings. The chambers and i ports are so arranged that Awhen kthe motive fluid isreleased vfrom the chambers ofonbe turbine element into the chambers of the other element, itat the same time is transferredv in a direction parallel. to the axis `of the turbine and toward the final exhaust.

Means are providedwherebytheopen and partially open ports for the flow of the motive fluid and the closed ports are'uniformly distributed'around the axisy ofthe j turbine and that the various points of opening and closing .automatically follow .the

turning 'rotorv and shift therewith around its periphery.

' The invention specifically consists in the following detailed constructions and combinations, with referenceto theV accompanying drawings and particularly pointed out in the claims.

InV the accompanying drawings forming r' part of the specification, there has been disclosed a "structure designed to carry out line B-'B of Figure 2; Figure 2 is a vertical the `various objects of the invention, but it is to be understood that the invention is not confined to the'exact features shown as various changes may be madev within the scopeof the claims which follow. l

In', the' accompanying vdrawings forming part of this specification, f

Figure 1 is a vertical Vsectional view lof Figure 2; the. left-hand side of the figure, indicated at A, being taken on the line of Figure 2, andthe right-hand side ofthe figure, indicated at B, being taken onV the sectionallview on the line 2--2 of Figure 1;

' Figure 3 isa detail sectional view on the line ,I3-e8 of Figure 2; Y g

Figure flis a diagrammatic planview of a portion of the stator bore to show the general relation of the chambers and ports therein and the direction of the flow of fluid'therethrough;

Figure 5 is an elevational view of the rotor removed from the stator showing the staggered relation of'the chambers and ports therein; VFigure 6 is a modified form and is a vertical sectional view of Figure 7,.the lefthand side of the figure indicated at C, being taken on the line'C-C of Figure .7 ,and the right hand side shown at D, being taken on the line D-D of-Figure 7; Y

VFigui-e7 is av detail sectional view on the line 7-7' of Figure 6,: showing how the motive fluid inV this construction' each time v method of passing the motive fluid from the intake to the exhaust ports;

Figure 10 isa detail plan view of a portion of the rotor bore to show the arrangement'of the ports therein.

' The'novelturbine featured in this inven-l v tion preferably comprises astator 11 having feet 12 formed thereon whereby it may be conveniently mounted upon a base 13 as shown in Figure 1. A demountable head 14 is secured toy each end of the stator'to pro- -vide closures therefor and toV complete the formation of the chamber in which the rotor or rotatable member 1s mounted. Bearings .15, which may be of any preferred type and construction, are provided in the end plates 14 to support the shaft 1G, which is rotatably mounted therein and has the rot-or secured thereto. 1 l A Referring'to Figures 2 and 3, it` will be noted that the stator 1 1 is provided with an annular fluid intake channel 17 having 'an intake opening 18 preferably at theV upper portion thereof to which, a suitable supply pipeor conductor (not shown) `may be secured. The intake channel 17 is preferably centrally arranged on the statorv so that the fluid discharged therefrom into the ports provided in the face of the rotor and 'in the bore of the stator, will travel outwardly `from the center of the turbine towards the annular exhaustV channels 19 at each end thereof, as indicated byV the arrows in Figure 2. By thus causing the steam to flow in opposite directions through the stator and rotor, the opposed action of the motive fluid will neutralize anv tendency to exert an end thrust upon the rotor, thereby causing the rotor to rot-ate feely within the stator.v The anular exhaust channels 19 are also preferably provided with suitable discharge openings 21 at their upper portions, to 'which aA suitable exhaust pipe or other `Ineans may be connected for carrying 'oil' the exhaust product.

An important feature of this invention resides in the construction and novel arrangement of the containing` or confining chambers and their ports provided' in the periphery of the rotor and inthe bore of the stator. 4lArs the fluid diverting ports/or Ynozzles in reality comprise a portion ofthe confining chambers, to avoid confusion each of these ldouble functioning elements have beenv supplied with only a single reference numeral in the drawings and will hereinafter in the specification be referred yto as portsi Theserports are preferably so arranged and constructed that the motive fluid will be alternately and intermittently passed back and forth between the stator and vthe rotor luntil it is finally discharged into the annular exhaust channels 19, thereby exerting aseries of direct impact `and reaction im.- pulses against the rotor as it passes from the intake channel 17 to the two exhaust channelsl 19.

Referring to Figures l, 2, 3 anda, itwill be notedy that the stator is provided with a plurality of ports '22; 23, 24: and 25, which vareof different sizes. The relatively smaller ports 22 are in direct communication with the annular intake, channel 17 and the bore of the stator, as particularly shown .in Figi ures 2 and 3. The. relatively larger ports CII 23 and 24 are arranged on each sideof the ports 22 and functionas a means for transferringthe motive fluid fromr one :rotor port tothe next asv will subsequently be described. The ports 2,5 function Vas a means to conduct expanded motive fluid from .each end of the rotor tothe annular exhaust'v channels 19, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 2.

Referring to Figures l, 4 and 5, it will be noted that the stator shownin these figures, is provided with thirty-sixv ports in each cylindrical plane or Zone and the rotor w'th sixteenfports 1n each plane. As the ports 26, 27 and 28 in the rotor operate both as admission and discharge ports,'and as the ports in Vthestator operate as'alternatewadmission and Vdischarge ports, it is obvious that the sixteen ports in each plane ofthe rotor will'fll and discharge eighteenv times for every revolution of the rotor, and, that therefore there will be two hundred eighty-eight impulses exerted against the rotor for each revolution thereof. The staggered relationship of the rotor ports will result in double that number of impulses in the two sections of the turbine, for every revolution of the rotor. As a result of they staggered arrangement of the ports, said ports-may be lof aless oblique vangle or deeper and ofinore capacity.

The circumferential width of the ports on both rotor `and vstat-or is preferably equal for all ports, while the axial length of the ,ports increases towards the vexhaust channels i9. The intervening spaces between thev ports may be equal to the width of tliefports but are preferably slightly wider as may be noted in Figure 4. By this proportioning of the ratio of ports and space width, jt ie ports will be eiectually closed to one vport before opening up to the next port as the rotor rotates.

.The definitely variant numbers of ports in the stator and rotor has V'a very' important effect-on the operation of. the turbine. For practical reasons the lesser number of ports are preferably arranged in the rotor. It is obvious'tha't if the number of ports in they stator and rotor were equal, they would all be filled and discharged at: the same moment, resulting in a tendency to impulser vibration. Iffthe ports and intervening spaces-with variant numbers arev of equal width, the number of ports perfectly closed and open will always be exactly the same as the difierence in4 numbers between the stator and rotor.Y The remainder of the ports'willbe partially open or rclosed at varying degrees. If the difference in the number of ports is more than one, the closed and open and partially open ports will be' distributed uniformly around the axis of the turbine and -will shift position uniformly around the axis with rotation of the rotor. 'ln 'the present instance, assuming ports and spaces equal in width'A and with thirtysix ports in the stator and thirty-twov in the rotor, four `ports atfninety degree .angles will be effectuallyclosed, and theretherefore that the ports taken as a whole are Y only ope-n to vone-'half'capacity at all times and that the points ofv partial and full admission are always uniformly distributed around the axis of rotation and will shift and advance with .the rotation of the rotor, therebyfgiving uniform torque effect'and ink combinationv with the largenumber of impulses per revolution, will impulse vibration.. l

Instartingoperation of the turbine itmay be assumed that all ,ports are empty. motive fluid such, for example, as a mixture of steam and gas, is introduced intoV theannular intake channel 17, thereby filling all of the ports 22 in the stator which yare in direct communication therewith. Al majority of Vthese ports willbe in communication with ports 26 inthe rotor, thereby causing Ithe motive fluid to rush into all of such ports .into alignment with the next successive ports 23 as shown in the lower right hand portion of Figure VlhenA the ports 26 have .been filled with fluid Vfrom the .port 22,-leading from the annular intake channel i7, the fluid pressure Vinthe ports 26 will be substan'tiallyequal `to the-pressurein the intake channel 17. Tliepressure of the fluid confined in the ports 26, as the rot-or revolves, will'therefore be substantially equal to the fluid pressure'in the intake channel 17.

As soon as vthe port 26 are moved into practically eliminate all' to be filled .with motive' uid as indicated in lFigures 2 and 3. The lrineticenergy of the motive fluid represented by the velocity with' alignment withy the' ports 23 inthe stator, s

as shown in the lower righthand portion 'of Figure 2, the high pressure fluid in the ports 26 will be discharged' into thev relatively larger empty sorts 23 in the stator,therebyl causing' a reaction impulse to beexerted against the periphery of the rotor to tend to increase the rotation. thereof. Such transferring of the motive fluid from the rotor ports 26 intothe stator ports 23 will equalize the fluid pressure inthe two ports and will result. in a lower pressure than previously existed in ports .26. afterwhich the .-rotor" ports will be moved out of 'alignment Vwith',v the stator ports, therebyY` causing the fluid in` the two ports to be cut off vand separated at the vcommon reduced pressure Vand a portion ofthe fluid to be confined in the port 23. Continuedv rotationv of the rotoiwillnext cause the poi'ts 27 to be moved into alignment with the fluid filledl Vtwo portsto be cut off and Vseparated at further reduced pressure. Continued rotation` of the rotor Will next cause the fluid filledports 2? to be moved into alignment or Vopening position With the relatively larger ports 24 vin the stator', as shown. on

the lower le-fthand side of Figur'e 2. Such opening of the ports 27 and 24 will cause another reaction impulse to be exerted against the rotor vwith expansion and equalization of therfluid pressure, after Which the ports 27 will vpass the ports2l` and cause the fluid in the ports 27 and 24 to be cut off 'and' separated ata still further reduced pressure until the outer larger ports 28 in the rotor :are moved into alignment with the ports 24e, as shown in the upper left v,hand corner of Figure .2. Such opening of the ports 24 With the ports 28 will cause the motive fluid flowing-from the ports 24 and into ports 28 to exert an impact impulse 'against the rotor and will also result inV astill further eX- pansion and reduction of pressure of the` motive fluid. From the ports 28 the expanded'fluid is discharged into the. ports 25 Y which are in directV communicationV with the annular exhaust channel 19, as shown in the lower right hand side of Figure 1. The

Y foregoing description relates to the path of a single isolated volume of motive fluid through the turbine, It will of course be understood that simultaneously therewith Va pluralityY of volumes of highk pressure fluid are cut oila and separated in the ports 26, amounting to one half the number of ports contained in the rotor, and the sameV operations are performed through the turbine simultaneously and progressively WithV these volumes. The propelling force against the rotor is therefore gradually but positively .applied when starting the turbine, and the force applied iscomparatively greater than when the motor is running at full speed, since at the startthere is no opposing force of loW pressure fluid contained in the ports.

As the rotor has made the first revolution motive fluid under low pressurereinains in ythe ports and this pressure gradually 1ncreases up to a certain point, as the rotor y gains speed a turbine thusacting as a check to the speed ofthe rotor.

From the foregoing Iit Will also be noted that, as the motive fluid passes through the turbine from the intake opening 18 tothe exhaust channel 19,'itwill be transferred back and forth between the rotor and stator, i i

as it travels through the turbine, and all the time it is being transferred it Will. be bounded or confined, resulting in a controlled retardation of the flow of the fluid'through fluid after each check and nopressure or energy vaside from loss by heat radiation, hasbeen lost. Thisenergy Willbe exerted instantaneously on each successive release of the fluid and Will beequal, proportionate to the pressure forboth direct impact andref action impulses. In the ordinary continuous flow turbine, Where there is open communication from the intake of the high pressure fluid to its final exhaust, the rotor blade speed, mustbe kept at a certain ratio to the velocity of the motive fluid, in order to obtain some measure of efficiency. Any decrease in rotor lblade speedV below this ratio, due for example toincrease in load, does not decrease the rate of fluid flow through the turbine, but increases the exhaust pres-A .sure and results yin added motive. fluid consumption and loss of efficiency. Gras, specifically steam, when flowing througha nozzle from a high pressure into a low pressure chamber, vcontinues to flow in a straight line Yafter leaving the nozzle as long as the pressure in the receiving chamberis lim i above-55% of thaty in the high pressure chamber, and when the differenceinfpressure in the two chambers exceeds this percentage,

vthe steam begins'to vexpand in all vdirections upon kleaving the nozzle.. One of the essen-V tial features vof. the present invention; is to y Y preventY this premature expansion'and the loss of kinetic energy, generally resulting from this cause in theordinary free flow turbines. Means are therefore provided for conliningv the steam or other elastic motive pressure fluid, in periodically closed pressure channels or chambers, as theY rotor rotates. Such means resides in the general formation and relative proportion of these chambers,

as shoWn in Figure 9, Where it Will be noted that they gradually enlarge in'size from the center ofV the rotor towards the exhaust ports 64. They are proportioned so that the difference in pressure Iin the high pressure chambers is never greater than suliicient to prevent premature lateral expansion. While izoy nevaoe it isA true, as heretofore stated, that though vtheA motive fluid is progressively expanded in the chambersgh V57, 62,58, and 63.as it l passes from the intakejto thefinal exhausts, this expansion takes place subsequently" tol Iits' straightdirect flow from .the outlet port of the highY pressure chamber tofthe confin-f y ing `wall of the low pressureV chamber.

pressure chamber, and thereby morefeffeotively prevents lateral expansionrof the high pressure flow. y i

'The pressure of 55% or more'in the low pressure chambers is the causey of theA straight line direct flow ef steam from the inlet port, as it prevents the incoming motive luid from expanding in all directions.` llhen the pressure in the receiving chamber falls below this percentage, it is insufficient tofprevent lateral expansion of thehigh pressure flowwith resulting loss of kinetic energy. lt is important, therefore, that the deter.- mined ratio betweenithe cubicalcontentsor capacities ofthe chambers `is such that the difference of pressure in the chambers will not exceed the most vefficient percentage.

In the present invention the `motive-fluidl confining ports or chambers are proporA tioned for the reception and-'complete ex-v pension between the initial Iintake ports and the i'inal exhaust ports ofl a volume of motive fluid, delivering the maximum rated vpower at given fluidV pressure. and vrotor speed, and this rotor speed may be as lowV as desired by providing the equivalentexpansion capacity. For a full load on the Vturbine the i'rstseries ol chambers are lled'to. capacity with the motive fluid, and as the ports auto-x. matically cut oit the flow of high pressureV i as the ports are opened and closed in itspassage vthrough the turbineyeach impulseA re# sulting in increased: volumes and decreased pressure of thevfl'uid 'untilit is expanded to the desired exhaust pressure. The impact and reaction impulses maybe substantially of equal forceV or any desired'ratio of `force depending on the ychamber and port area. It. will also be seen that'by a predetermined proportioning of the increased -areavfof the chambers towards the exhaust end ofthe turbine' in combination withlthe limiting or cut-off system above described, that the high pressureftluid vmay be `made to discharge into chambers containing fluid ,ofjany de- SleCl 'ratio .0f-10W vpressure andxthat by yan increase iny port'area and a decrease in depth QI` chambers the strength .of each impulse may Ybe materially ',increased, {with,a resultant in'creaseinv eihciency :and economy.

" 'l speed conditionsof the turbineand, igcertainmodifications, also to automati-` v governed Vvariable loads. The ,governing mechanism 'howeveriorms no-part of the The above relates .particularlyto Vfull load present-inventionand ,has been omit-ted in the drawings Vand specification. y It will be furthernoted however, the system ofautomatically',Controlled and limited flow Vof the Vmotive kfluid through the turbine bythe stator and rotor elements themselves as disclosed in thisdnvention, that when starting theturbinewith a light or no load, the first impact 01"' they highl pres-- sure fluid against the vempty i but circumscribed buckets of therotor will have a much strongertcndency to start thegrotorthan if theliuld had afi-ee escapefi'om the chambers. Especially would this be` the case if the lirsthi'gh pressurechambers were larger in Vvolume capacity than necessary for lthe rated Trl. l). ot' Ithe turbine. jAt the vrst move of the' roter, thiswexcessive `amount of high pressure Huid will be released into the larger 1chambers, in the stator at high pressure and that with velocty.; Thecontinued turning of therrotor l willrele'ase the fluid under higher than n'or- -moV su'revofflnidr can bemuch less than normal .l

because thev stationary position and subse-l quent low. turning of thel rotor will'give ample time 'for' the chambers to fill. the rotor gains speed the fluid admission per nchamber will be diminished automatically without the throttle opening being changed andthe roto;-1 will continue running at ag speed commensurate Ywiththis throttle open# With an uncontrolled and continuo-usflow the rotor does not startV at once underfthese conditions it will not start vat all,-jsince the steam is permittedto pass freely andunmterruptedthrough the turbine. fWith the im v Constructies disclsedn this inventan the rotor'can-be started with'a small throttle opening and, increased turning moment as above explained and canbe run eiciently atV any speed desired. Byfalterna-tely confn-- ing the motive fluid inithe stator and rotor, alternate impact and reaction impulses of substantially equal ellicien'cy will be lexerted against the` periphery of therotor, resulting in an added increase in efficiency.

It will 'also be seen by reference to' Figure 1, Vthat by vary-ing the number of ports in the rotor so as to increase or decrease the ratio between the number of portsl in the rotor and stator, that practically any desired number of ports 26 'may be caused to open and close simultaneously, thereby providing 1 means whereby the number of power impulsesfunctioning at one't'mfe may be varied feitlifi"ei*ent requirements in power installatiens.- l f Another featureof this invention resides in the novelconstruction ofthe statorand rotor `which isshown in VFigures 1 and 2. As here shown the. stator preferably consists of an annular ring, which bored to the proper diameter to receive the rotor', and the novelty resides in the-construction of theV chambers -or ports 22, 23, 24 and 25. Each set of such ports are fin axial alignment with the axs of theshaft 16 and as -avresult of the lyorts-being rather narrow orl small in width, it would be Vimpracticable to*` mold or cast them in the stator. These ports vare therefore preferably constructed by first milling or machining a plurality of inclined groovesV VEn theV bore of the stator, which i grooves are spaced a's/shown in Figure 1, or

to the proper distances required between the stator ports. A series' of irregularly shaped plates or ller's 29, 31 and 32 are mounted in veach groove in the stator and are suit-ably secured thereto yso as to become in effect, an

integral part of the stator. These fillers are of such' sizeand shape that when they are arranged and spaced in grooves as shown in the upper and lower portions of Figure 2, the ports 2 2, 23, 24 and 25 will be formedas shown-*Small blocks 33;'are also mounted in each groove to complete the formation of the' 'ports er'chambers '23 andY 24. VBy this nevel met-hed -offconstructionfot the stator the ports provided therein may be accurately formed at a' minimumlcost. The stator will also, when completed, provide in" effect an integral casting or member, wl'ilch can not become disarranged in any mannerto vary the sizes "or locations of the ports therein.

The rotor asrshown in` Figure 2 may be a plurality of annular'rings 34, 35 vand which' 'are-each provide-d witha plurality of tangential slots, fas particularly shown in Figure 5. `These slots form the ports 26,

2T 28. when the rotor is assembled.-

` fluid leakage.

revenuef Spacing rings or members v37ers provided between the annular slottedy rings 34, 35 Vand* 36, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, and these rings arel provided with peripheral grooves 38 in which suitableeXpa-nsion rings, 39 are mounted adapted to be yielclably held'v in contact with the bore of the lstator as shown` in Figure 3; The rings 39 functionito prOP' Videpressure tight joints between the ports:`

so as to eliminate any loss of vpowerl from The slotted rings '34, 35, and- 36 and the spacers 37`a1e suitably clamped together for rotation as a unit by means ofV the end Vplates or rotor heads`31, which are suitably securedtogether by means of tiebolts`42 (see Figures 1 and The central spacer 37 mounted in alignment with the annular intake port 18,. preferably. has a web 43 integrally formed thereon, which isvr provided with av hub 44 adapted to be mount-' ed upon and secured to the shaft 16. Spacling'collars 45 are also preferably provided between the hubs of the` rotor and plates or x heads 41 .and the hub 44 of the central spacer 37. l

i By this novel construction lof the rotor it will be seen that the ports 2G, 27 andk 28 may readily be cut or molded in the annular rings 34, 35 and 36, after which thevari ous rotor parts may be assembled as shown in Figure 2 and 5 to rotate as a unit when mounted in the stator.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show a modified construction wherein the motive fluid is notY confined and expanded simultaneouslyin one is generally, except in the first admission into the rotor port52, confined and expanded sis multaneously in two rotor chambers and one stator chamber. The stator in this construe .tion preferably comprisesa series of ports 46, 47,418,119 and 51; Athese ports successive ly increasing in size asshown to allow for the expansion of the motive fluid..V The ports 51 are in direct communication with at the the annular intake `channel 17.through a certain number-of the ports 46 and into `a Vlike number of lrotor ports `52. As the Huid is thus forced into the vrotor portsthe imf pact ofthe fluid lagainst the rotor will cause it to rotate, thereby causing the vfluid vvfilled ports to be temporarily closed,'resulting vin um L `stator vchamber and one rotor chamber, but it revenue. y

the fluid being confined in 'such ports until they are moved into alignment with the adjacent ports 47 and the fluid is discharged therein. l

' Referring tovFigure 7 itwill be noted that the motive fluid will not be confined in the ports 52 and 47 as sho'wn and described with referenceto the previous figures, but

52 through the ports 47 and into the adjacent ports 53 in the rotor.v Such action of the fluid in passing from the ports 52 into the stator ports 47 will cause a reaction impulse to lbe exerted against the rotor, which will immediately be followed by an impact impulse, as the fluid flows from the stator ports 47 into the rotorl ports 53. The fluid will-there be confined and expanded in the 'stator ports 47 and in the rotor ports 52 and 53 vuntil the latter are brought linto alignment with the adjacent stator ports 48, when it will be confined and expanded and the pressure equalized in the rotor ports 53 and 54 and stator port 48. The flow of the fluid from the rotor ports 53, through the stator ports 48 and into the rotor ports 54, will first cause a reaction impulse which will be immediately followed by an impact impulse. Continued rotation of theV rotor will move the rotor ports 54 into alignment` with the stator ports 49, from which it will immediately flow into thel rotor ports 55, expanding and equalizing the pressure in the rotor ports 54 and 55 and the stator ports 49 causing first a reaction impulse followed vby an impact impulse. Further rotation of the rotor will separate the ports 55from the ports 49 and alignthe ports 55 with the exhaust port-S51, causing a last re-V4 action impulse. f

Another modified construction of the ports 'and a slightly modified flow of the motive fluid is illustrated in Figures 9 Yand l() in which they ports in the rotor resemble those in the stator and themotive fluid in the rotor does not pass out of the same port opening by which it entered but is transformed axially in the rotor by the next plane of ports.

nthe vconstruction here shown a plurality of ports 56, 57 and 58 vare provided yin the stator and these ports are symmetrically arranged on each'side thereof preferably in staggered relationas shown in Figure 10. A

y plurality of ports 6l, 62 and 63 are similarly Too' channel 17 throughV a. series ofthe stator y ports 56 and into the relatively smaller rotor ports 61, as shown at the left hand in Figure 9. frs :the -rotor revolves the fluid filled 1 ports 6l will be brought into alignment with that ity will be transferred from the ports` the statorp'oi'ts 57, thereby causing fthe fluid to flow .from the ports 6l .and into the stator ports ,67, expanding in these two ports. Continuedrotation'of the rotor will cause the fluid in the ports-H57 to be discharged into the relatively larger .rotor ports 62 as shownv in the right hand lside of "Figure 9, expand.- ing in ports 57 and 62. From theV rotor ports 62 the fluid willflow into the larger stator ports 58, shown at the-left hand side and expandingv in the ports'62 and 58. rom the latter ports it will flowinto thel rotor port 63, expanding inportsY 58 and 63 (left handr side) l' into final exhaust ports 69 (right hand side),

From ports V63v it will flow` outer Vrim 66 and provided l'with theJ heads 4l, a central web 68 and a hub 69,'whivch latter is mounted on the rotor shaft 16. .The

slots or lrecesses vcomposing the f ports l are milled straight acrossv at the proper angle in the filler 70,` which is adapted' to closely fit the cylindrical wall 66 ofthe member and is ycutaway to formthe desiredconforma-` tion ofthe confiningchambers. This filler 7.0l is 'secured VYto the wall 66 seas toform' av substantially integral component part'l of vthe rotor.v vrhese fillers may be readily replaced if Yworn Vand may alsov readily be modified e in form without other changes in the construction of the rotor being required.

I claim as my invention: v l.A Ina turbine the combination of a stator and a rotorhaving motive fluid containing chambers arranged in a vplurality of planes f around the axis of thefturbine, said cham@ bers comprisingl ports directing theflowof motive fluid in paths oblique to the periph-` i A ery of the rotor, anv annular ehannelsupply'- ing motive fluid to said containing ychambers in limited volumes, means cooperating with said,` containing chambers to periodically open and close communication between said chambers whereby the motive 'fluid is interinittently transferred from one chamber to anotheiand from one plane ofchambers' to' another, and an annular exhaust channel surroundingthe last plane of chambers, the chambers in said last plane being alternately open and closed to thefexhaust channel.

2. In a turbine the combination with la stator and a'rotorha-ving" motive fluid conl taining chambers arranged in a plurality of planes around the axis ofthe turbine, said chambers/comprising ports directing the flow of motive lluid in paths oblique-to the periphery ofthe rotor,- of an annularchan-v nel arrangedA centrally in said stator and in directcommunicationy with only the open ehambersoli the alternately open and `closed containing chambers. of the two adjacentk centralplanes of chambers, means cooperating withv said containing Vchambers to periodically openand closecoinmunication be tween said chambers, whereby motive fluid is suppliedto said containing chambers in i limited -volumes and Y intermittently trans-l ferred from oneI ehamberfto another and from one plane of chambers to another in opposite axial'directions and an V'annular ex-j haust channel'surrounding the last plane of chambers at opposite ends of the turbine, the

chambers in said planesbeing alternatelyV open and closed to the exhaust channels.

3. In a turbine the combination with a stator and a rotor, of coinciding recesses formed in said stator and said rotor at an mittently transferred from one chamber to another alternatingly between the stator and rotor.

4,In a turbinethecombination of a stator and a rotor having constantly confining motive fluid containing. chambers arranged in a plurality of planes around the axis of the i turbine, said chambers comprising ports directing'the flowY of motive fluid in paths oblique to the periphery of the rotor, `means cooperating with said ports to periodically open and close communication between said chambers, whereby the motive fluid is transferred from one plane of chambers to another plane of chambers, and packing rings arrangedin grooyesbetween the stator and rotor andbetweenl one plane of chambersv and another. f

rotor having fluid pressure intake andexhaustl chambers including ports and means 5.`A turbine comprising a statorand av adapted to consecutively separate. and Vconfine limited volumes of axmotive fluid in said ychambers and alternately pass expanding volumesof'said fluid to andfrom said chambers in opposite directions and in paths oblique to the periphery of Vthe rotor, said Volume being vconstantly confined and enclosed whilebeing intermittently expanded in said chambers. 1

'p 6. A turbine comprising a stator and af rotor having chambers including ports and means adapted to open and close -said ports l 1 pressure chamber supplying motive fluid to when said rotor isrotated, thecports in said stator and inl said rotor varying in number whereby they are caused to be closed and` `opened at a plurality-of positions around the periphery of the rotor, said positions' lpressures, therein, said chambers being pro-l portioned to maintain'a pressure in the low pressure chambers generally not less than one-half that in the high pressure chambers.

,8. 1n va turbine, the combination with a stator having `a rntor concentrically arranged therein, of high and low pressure chambers arranged annularly around said stator and rotor, and in different axial planes thereof, said chambers having inlet `and outlet ports arranged obliquely to the axesof said stator and rotor and adapted to conducta mot-ive fluid from the high to the low pressure chambers, when the rotor rotates,`some of said ports being disposed in different axial planes, and said chambers being propor-v tiened to maintain a pressure in the low pressure chamber substantially not less than one-half that in the high pressure chambers whereby, as the motive liuid flows from the high to the low pressure chambers, its expansion inl lateral directions is prevented until the kinetic energy of said motive fluid has' been expended against the confining wall of the low pressure chambers.

9. A turbine, comprising in combination, a stator and a roter having concentrieally arranged high and low pressure chambers, said chambers having .inlet and outlet ports arranged obliquely to the axes lof said stator and rotor indifferent `axial planes and adapt-- ed to conduct a motive fluid to andfromv said chambers, when the rotor rotates, means for conlining the motive fluid in said chambers roo and maintaining a pressure in the low pressure chambers. substantially not less than one-half that in the high pressure chambers whereby said motive flu-id is' caused to flow at high pressure in a continued circum-` scribed path, confined by lowkpr'essure motive fluid, until itimpinges on the confining wall of the low pressure chamber with its full kinetic energy and vthereafter expands to a Vlower pressure in said chamber.V

10. A turbine, comprising in combination, 'a stator and a rotory havingconcentrically arranged pressure Chambers,aninit1al high chambers being axially arranged in saidl said chambers, an exhaust chamber for the final exit of said motive fluid, said pressure stator and rotor and 'gradually enlarging towards the final exhaust chamber, and the inlet and outlet ports of said" pressure chambers being arranged obliquely to the axes of the stator and rotor and adapted to conduct the motive fluid to'and from said pressure chambers, When the rotor rotates, means for Y confining the motive fluid at different pressures in said pressure chambers, and means for maintaining a pressure in the low presually enlarging towards the final exhaust-F chamber, said pressure chambers having inlet and exhaust ports arranged'obliquely to the axes of the stator and rotor and adapted to conduct motive Huid to and Afrom said pressure chambers, When the rotor rotates, means for confining the motive Huid at different pressures and periodically equalizing the pressure in said chambers, and means for maintaining av pressure in the low pressure chambers substantially not less than one-half that in the high pressure chambers whereby,

as the motive fluid flows from the highl to the lovv pressure. chambers,its expansion in l lateral directions is prevented. v

12.7In a turbine, the combination with av 'stator and rotor having concentrically and anniilarly arranged recesses formed therein at oblique angles to their .axes and adapted to register consecutively as the rotor rotates, of filling plates secured in said recesses to form motive. fluid pressure chambers extendingl axially of the stator and rotor, and ports yfor conducting a motive fluid to and from said chambers when the rotor rotates.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set i my hand this 29th'day of' May, 1925.Vv

'WILLIAM n. sMALLEY. 

